Research brief 042

Cheap puts, expensive protection: what changed between the midpoint and the ask

A smaller-universe adaptation of Neo and Tee separates the price of the option from the cost of running the hedge.

The idea worth investigating

FPM house pricing diagnostic, 138 monthly observations. These are differences in compounded annual returns for a portfolio rebalanced to 98% SPY and 2% selected puts, using midpoint versus bid/ask assumptions. The smaller universe averaged about 19 holdings, against about 90 in the paper, and omits its ex-dividend exclusion. The diagnostic permits fractional contracts and excludes commissions, market impact and displayed-depth constraints. It is retrospective arithmetic, not realized execution.

Scope: a completed smaller-universe house adaptation with a separate execution simulation; it does not reproduce the full published universe.

A hedge can look inexpensive on the screen and prove expensive to own. The premium is one bill. Repeatedly crossing the spread is another. With low-priced options, that second bill can be a large fraction of the first.

Poh Ling Neo and Chyng Wen Tee offer a concrete alternative to index insurance in Tail Risk Hedging: The Search for Cheap Options. Their 2023 study selects a diversified portfolio of inexpensive single-stock puts. We asked whether a smaller, liquid-stock version could preserve the benefit, and how much depended on execution. Original study

Explore the FPM tail-risk research archive · Our research approach

Paid analysis on Substack

See what changes the investment case.

The headline is the starting point. The subscriber analysis takes you through:

  • The spread-sensitivity curve and the period that briefly favored cheap puts.
  • The next-session result after commissions and displayed-size penalties.
  • The missing filters and portfolio choices that limit the comparison.
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